protect company rights

(v.) = infringe + right, violate + right

Ex. The Act was finally allowed to lapse in 1695 and the Stationers' Company was unable to protect its members' rights against those who chose to infringe them.

Ex. This article briefly reviews some of the research on stress and links this back to assertiveness -- standing up for one's rights without violating the rights of others -- as a stress-reducing technique which might be applicable in the library situation.

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(v.) = infringe + right, violate + right

Ex. The Act was finally allowed to lapse in 1695 and the Stationers' Company was unable to protect its members' rights against those who chose to infringe them.

Ex. This article briefly reviews some of the research on stress and links this back to assertiveness -- standing up for one's rights without violating the rights of others -- as a stress-reducing technique which might be applicable in the library situation.

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1. to defend; 2. to protect; 3. to shield; 4. to guard; 5. to uphold

Русский глагол защищать относится к любому виду угрозы, опасности или неприятности. Английские эквиваленты в отличие от русского указывают на характер того, от чего исходит угроза и на цели защиты.

1. to defend — защищать, оборонять, защищаться, отстаивать (подразумевает защиту от угрожающей опасности; предполагается предпринимать любые действия, чтобы прийти на помощь кому-либо или чему-либо, находящемуся в опасности и нуждающемуся в защите): to defend smb, smth — защищать кого-либо, что-либо; to defend the goal — защищать ворота; to defend one's point of view (one's principles) — отстаивать свою точку зрения (свои принципы); to defend oneself from/ against smb — защищаться от кого-либо; to defend one's action — защищать свои действия; to defend a town — защищать город They defended the city to the last. — Они обороняли город до последнего./Они защищали город до конца. At school he always defended his little brother. — В школе он всегда защищал своего младшего брата. It became impossible to defend the base from airborne attack.— От воздушного нападения базу защищать стало невозможно. She picked up a stick (о defend herself against her attacker. — Она подняла с земли палку, чтобы защититься от нападающего./Она схватила с земли палку, чтобы защитить себя от нападающего. John was the only one who defended me when things started going wrong. — Только Джон встал на мою защиту, когда начались неприятности. As a politician you have to be able to defend yourself when things get rough. — Как политический деятель, вы должны уметь защищаться от резкой критики. Union bosses pleaded that they would courageously defend their members' right to strike. — Профсоюзные лидеры клялись, что будут упорно отстаивать право своих членов на забастовки.

2. to protect — защищать, предохранять, ограждать (от возможных опасностей или неприятностей, таких как наводнения, пожары или болезни): to protect smb, smth — защищать кого-либо, что-либо; to protect children from catching cold — защищать детей от простуды/предохранять детей от простуды; to protect one's eyes from the sun — защищать глаза от солнца The fence protects the roses from the wind. — Забор защищает розы от ветра. Не was protected by a bodyguard. — Его сопровождал телохранитель./ Он шел с охраной./Его защищал охранник. you should insure to protect yourself in case of fire. — Вам надо застраховаться на случай пожара. The camera comes with a true leather carrying case to protect it. — Фотоаппарат выпускается в кожаном футляре, который его предохраняет./Фотоаппарат продается с кожаным футляром, который его предохраняет. The union's basic function is to protect the interests and employment rights of its members. — Основная функция профсоюзов заключается в защите интересов и права его членов на труд. I jumped behind the wall to protect myself from the explosion. — Я спрятался за стену, чтобы защитить себя от взрыва.

3. to shield — защищать, предохранять, заслонять, прикрывать (от опасности, особенно встав между ее источником и тем, на что или кого это действие направлено): to shield one's eyes with one's hand — прикрыть глаза рукой; to shield one's child with one's own body — прикрыть ребенка собственным телом; to shield oneself behind smb else — спрятаться за чью-либо спину Не had received a gunshot wound while trying to shield his children. — Он получил огнестрельное ранение, когда пытался защитить детей./Он был ранен, когда пытался спасти своих детей, загородив их собой. A new type of glass has been produced, which shields your eyes from the sun violet rays. —Теперь выпускается новое стекло, которое предохраняет глаза от ультрафиолетовых лучей солнца. These plants should be shielded from direct sunlight. — Эти растения нужно прикрывать от прямого попадания солнечных лучей. The house was shielded from the view by tall trees. — Высокие деревья скрывали дом от посторонних взглядов, She shielded her eyes against the sun glare. — Она заслонила глаза от яркого солнца. She is anxious to shield her children from the press. — Она стремится оградить своих детей от вмешательства прессы в их жизнь.

4. tо guard — защищать, стоять на страже, охранять, караулить, стеречь, сторожить (предполагает действия, направленные на сохранение того или тех, кто был доверен кому-либо): to guard smb's life (one's reputation) — охранять чью-либо жизнь (свою репутацию); to guard prisoners — караулить узников/охранять пленных; to guard treasure — охранять клад/сторожить клад/караулить клад; to guard one's property against thieves — стеречь/караулить имущество от воров The dog is guarding the sheep. — Собака сторожит овец./Собака караулит овец. There were two soldiers guarding the main gate. — Главные ворота охранялись двумя солдатами. The palace entrance is guarded round the clock. — Подъезд дворца охраняется круглые сутки. The trees guarded the farm from the wind. — Деревья защищали ферму от ветра. The company is fiercely guarding its independence. — Фирма упорно защищает свою независимость./Фирма яростно отстаивает свою независимость./Фирма стоит на страже своей независимости. They have been guarding the details of their research. — Они хранили в секрете результаты своего исследования./Они строго охраняли результаты своего исследования.

5. to uphold — защищать, поддерживать (предполагает высказывания в защиту/в пользу чего-либо, подтверждения чьих-либо решений или высказанных предположений): The court of appeal upheld the verdict. — Апелляционный суд подтвердил приговор. The headmaster upheld the teacher's decision. — Директор поддержал решение учителя. The Home Secretary's decision was upheld by the House of Lords. — Решение министра внутренних дел получило одобрение в палате лордов./Решение министра внутренних дел было поддержано в палате лордов. They were fighting to uphold the rights of small nations. — Они боролись за права малых народов./Они выступали в поддержку малых народов и их прав./Они выступали в защиту малых народов.

to expire.

La garantía caducó The warranty expired.

Me caducó el contrato My contract expired.

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Conjugation model [ SACAR], like link=sacar sacar

► verbo intransitivo

1 (documento etc) to expire

■ mi pasaporte caduca este año my passport expires this year

2 (alimento) to pass its sell-by date; (medicina) to expire

■ caduca a los dos meses use within two months of purchase

3 (período de tiempo) to run out, lapse

■ el plazo para recoger los premios caduca en una semana the period in which prizes may be collected lapses in a week

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1) (Com, Jur) to expire, lapse; [permiso, plazo] to run out; [costumbre] to fall into disuse

2) [comida] to be o go past its sell-by date

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verbo intransitivo

a) carné/pasaporte to expire

b) medicamento to expire (frml)

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= lapse, become + due, expire, go out of + date, become + obsolete.

Ex. The Act was finally allowed to lapse in 1695 and the Stationers' Company was unable to protect its members' rights against those who chose to infringe them.

Ex. A list of all subscriptions about to become due may be made by using this subfunction.

Ex. 'That's not realistic,' he said and looked at her, as if to indicate that the balloon of her argument had suddenly had a pin stuck in it, and was expiring with a hiss.

Ex. Information in the humanities does not readily go out of date.

Ex. Academic libraries may become obsolete as the commercial market takes over control of information.

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verbo intransitivo

a) carné/pasaporte to expire

b) medicamento to expire (frml)

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caducar [A2 ]

1 «carné/pasaporte» to expire

¿cuándo te caduca el pasaporte? when does your passport expire?

el plazo de la licitación caduca el 17 de noviembre the closing date for tenders is November 17

este vale está caducado this voucher is no longer valid o is out of date

2 «medicamento» to expire ( frml)

[ S ] caduca a los tres meses use within three months

este yogur ha caducado this yogurt is past its sell-by date/use-by date

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a) [carné/pasaporte] to expire;

◊ el plazo caduca el 17 de enero the closing date (for enrollment, etc) is January 17;

b) [ medicamento] to expire (frml);

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caducar vi

1. [carné, ley, contrato] to expire;

me ha caducado el pasaporte my passport has run out o expired

2. [alimento, medicamento] to pass its use-by date;

este yogur caduca mañana this yoghurt's use-by date is tomorrow;

caduca a las dos semanas it will be past its use-by date in two weeks

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v/i expire

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caducar {72} vi

: to expire

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caducar vb

1. (documento, plazo) to expire

2. (alimento) to be past its sell by date

to fall into disuse

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(v.) = fall into + disuse, fall out of + fashion, go out of + use, lapse, fall into + disfavour, die out, drop from + sight, go out of + favour, pass away, fall into + desuetude, fall into + desuetude, pass into + desuetude, sink into + desuetude, sink into + oblivion

Ex. However, from the sixties, competition for the railway worker's leisure time from public libraries, service clubs and the humble television meant that many branch libraries fell into disuse.

Ex. Rotundas were widely used for all but the most formal texts in the fifteenth century, but fell out of fashion during the sixteenth century, surviving longest in Spain.

Ex. The English, French, and Dutch bastardas went out of use by the mid sixteenth century.

Ex. The Act was finally allowed to lapse in 1695 and the Stationers' Company was unable to protect its members' rights against those who chose to infringe them.

Ex. The printed catalogue has fallen into disfavour, and been replaced by card catalogues, and, more recently, on-line catalogues.

Ex. These changes accelerated through much of the nineteenth century, with the older material such as the chivalric romance dying out about the 1960s.

Ex. The older material, such as the chivalric romances, dropped from sight.

Ex. The author follows the history through to the point, in the latter part of the nineteenth century, when mirror-image monograms went out of favour and were replaced by straightforward monograms.

Ex. These tools are useable for analytical studies of how technologies emerge, mature and pass away.

Ex. Probably only one in a hundred girls who give birth clandestinely even knows that an edict of King Henry II, now fallen into desuetude, once made their action punishable by death.

Ex. Probably only one in a hundred girls who give birth clandestinely even knows that an edict of King Henry II, now fallen into desuetude, once made their action punishable by death.

Ex. To make a very long story unacceptably short, espionage passed into desuetude after the Reagan years.

Ex. It is clear now that after a time, with her marriage sinking into desuetude, Vivien entered into a sexual relationship with Russell.

Ex. Our deliberate and passionate ambition is to avoid the traps of soulless, dead villages turned into museums, slowly sinking into oblivion.

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to go insane, to go crazy, to become totally insane, to go mad.

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to go mad

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(v.) = go + bananas, take + leave of + Posesivo + senses, go + mad, run + amok, lose + Posesivo + marbles, go + bonkers, go + berserk, go + postal, go + wild, go + crazy, go + nuts, go + potty, get + a buzz from, go out of + Posesivo + mind, throw + a wobbly, go off + the rails, throw + a wobbler, go + haywire, go off + Posesivo + rocker

Ex. 'I can't take it! the man's gone bananas'.

Ex. Without language we would go bumping around in the dark and eventually take leave of our senses under the welter of the incomprehensible, withdrawing, as some people do, into a closed world in order to protect ourselves against the unbearable onslaught.

Ex. The article is entitled 'The confrontation of childhood with a world gone mad: an examination of children's biography and autobiography in the context of World War 2'.

Ex. Term paper fraud runs amok on the Web as dozens of fee and free sites have thousands of term papers available for lazy and unprincipled students.

Ex. The article is entitled 'Have We Lost Our Marbles?'.

Ex. The article is entitled ' Going Bonkers!': Children, Play and Pee-Wee'.

Ex. It depicts fascism as a crusade for preserving literature's purity, a crusade that went berserk.

Ex. You have also probably read about cases where an employee ' went postal' and entered a company building, shooting his boss and other employees.

Ex. Our imagination went wild, because we didn't want death to be the end, we wanted to keep on living on familiar grounds, and most of all, we didn't want to be alone.

Ex. Sawer went crazy after the woman he was having an affair with was caught and her husband killed her.

Ex. When she discovered vintage comics and their lurid covers, she went nuts.

Ex. That adults have gone potty over Potter is probably motivated less by Rowling's prose than by the fact that, finally, here is a book we can easily read.

Ex. How anyone can get a buzz from laying into someone is beyond me; it's not nice to see it happen - too many times have I seen people beaten up over nothing.

Ex. For this reason, he did not die, but rather went out of his mind.

Ex. The good thing about having it in writing is that you`re then well within your rights to throw a wobbly and demand you get what you paid for.

Ex. He never had issues with alcohol as a teen with going off the rails etc as he was used to have a sip of wine now and then with dinner or at Crimbo.

Ex. Of course there are things they don't like, and sometimes one of them throws a wobbler -- which sets the other one off!.

Ex. The formatting on my main page has gone haywire for apparently no reason.

Ex. I mean everyone's entitled to their own opinion, but they went off their rocker embracing our enemies.

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SUBJECT AREA: Textiles

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John Kay was the youngest of five sons of a yeoman farmer of Walmersley, near Bury, Lancashire, who died before his birth. John was apprenticed to a reedmaker, and just before he was 21 he married a daughter of John Hall of Bury and carried on his trade in that town until 1733. It is possible that his first patent, taken out in 1730, was connected with this business because it was for an engine that made mohair thread for tailors and twisted and dressed thread; such thread could have been used to bind up the reeds used in looms. He also improved the reeds by making them from metal instead of cane strips so they lasted much longer and could be made to be much finer. His next patent in 1733, was a double one. One part of it was for a batting machine to remove dust from wool by beating it with sticks, but the patent is better known for its description of the flying shuttle. Kay placed boxes to receive the shuttle at either end of the reed or sley. Across the open top of these boxes was a metal rod along which a picking peg could slide and drive the shuttle out across the loom. The pegs at each end were connected by strings to a stick that was held in the right hand of the weaver and which jerked the shuttle out of the box. The shuttle had wheels to make it "fly" across the warp more easily, and ran on a shuttle race to support and guide it. Not only was weaving speeded up, but the weaver could produce broader cloth without any aid from a second person. This invention was later adapted for the power loom. Kay moved to Colchester and entered into partnership with a baymaker named Solomon Smith and a year later was joined by William Carter of Ballingdon, Essex. His shuttle was received with considerable hostility in both Lancashire and Essex, but it was probably more his charge of 15 shillings a year for its use that roused the antagonism. From 1737 he was much involved with lawsuits to try and protect his patent, particularly the part that specified the method of winding the thread onto a fixed bobbin in the shuttle. In 1738 Kay patented a windmill for working pumps and an improved chain pump, but neither of these seems to have been successful. In 1745, with Joseph Stell of Keighley, he patented a narrow fabric loom that could be worked by power; this type may have been employed by Gartside in Manchester soon afterwards. It was probably through failure to protect his patent rights that Kay moved to France, where he arrived penniless in 1747. He went to the Dutch firm of Daniel Scalongne, woollen manufacturers, in Abbeville. The company helped him to apply for a French patent for his shuttle, but Kay wanted the exorbitant sum of £10,000. There was much discussion and eventually Kay set up a workshop in Paris, where he received a pension of 2,500 livres. However, he was to face the same problems as in England with weavers copying his shuttle without permission. In 1754 he produced two machines for making card clothing: one pierced holes in the leather, while the other cut and sharpened the wires. These were later improved by his son, Robert Kay. Kay returned to England briefly, but was back in France in 1758. He was involved with machines to card both cotton and wool and tried again to obtain support from the French Government. He was still involved with developing textile machines in 1779, when he was 75, but he must have died soon afterwards. As an inventor Kay was a genius of the first rank, but he was vain, obstinate and suspicious and was destitute of business qualities.

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